Longinus from on the sublime Essay Example

Longinus: from on the sublime Essay Name: Course: Instructor: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Longinus: from on the sublime specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Longinus: from on the sublime specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Longinus: from on the sublime specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Longinus: from on the sublime Sublime theory is a style of writing or speaking that is used to expresses the content in a great way. Rhetoric is an art of persuading the minds of the listeners. Rhetoric is related to science since it through it that scientists try to demonstrate through different theory the existence of nature. In addition, it is through rhetoric relation that divine objects are explained. This greatness described by sublime is indescribable, limitless and immeasurable. According to Longinus, the term sublime, has never been clearly defined since it consists of many aspects such excellence, distinction, amazement and wonder, combined into one. I agree with Longinus for there are divine things in the nature whose, magnificent cannot be explainable. Therefore sublime which is the style used to express this magnificent is not definable. Longinus states that people pose some serious challenges to the theory of sublime. Some argue that sublimity is a natural art that is inborn hence; it cannot be taug ht nor acquired. However, Longinus disagrees with them and calls this perception a fault that people have towards sublimity. He adds that the other fault that people commit when it comes to sublimity is turgidity, which is a tendency to overdo sublime. This fault occurs when a writer goes overboard when describing the greatness of the content in the poem or speech. Another fault that Longinus describes is pseudo-bacchanalian that touches on application of unnecessary emotions in poetry or speech. He explains that emotions should go hand in hand with the content written rather than the writer imposing their own emotions where one is not needed. In my own opinion, I would say that the writers impose their own emotion that they feel regardless of the readers’ emotion since the writer is passionate about the subject. This faults that writers commit are what makes their work not to be considered sublime. Sublime in rhetoric theory is a product of the poet. According to Plato’s theory of knowledge, which defines knowledge as a belief of something that a person has when that belief is justified through, prove. Plato explains that having a belief alone is not the same as knowledge rather it is having a belief that is proven beyond doubt through sufficient evidence (Benson, 2000). This theory therefore exempts this theory of sublime since the theory does not provide proof beyond doubt on matters it expresses. Rhetoric theory therefore is not easily accepted in science and religion matters since in these two areas a measurable proof is needed to convince people of their existence. Therefore, in line with this theory Longinus reconciles that sublime writing is not something that is acquired easily but through experience. Longinus explains ways on how a writer can acquire knowledge on sublime writing through several ways that he proves by presenting examples of other writers. The fir st way he describes of attaining sublimity is through the greatness of thought. This greatness is achieved through the writer conceiving powerful ideas that the writer will successfully put in writing. The writer must put the idea into words, and it should reflect the same effect as the thought. The other way of attaining sublime in writing is the appropriate use of emotions that are both inspiring and strong in the poem or speech. The emotions should be genuine and in line with the content. I disagree with Longinus on choosing emotions; I believe that the writer should express the greatness of the subject according to how the writer feels since the idea is generated by the writer and the purpose is to persuade the readers. The other way is selecting and organizing the thoughts into writing using different writing features and combining them in a proper manner to attract and captivate the listeners. This is achieved through amplification, that is, putting more emphasis on all the details that are in that poet by strengthening the argument or situation behind it to give it more meaning. The other technique is visualizing the images of the ideas to create clarity to the audience or readers. This technique when blended well with the facts creates easy persuasion to the readers or listeners and makes them listen more closely. The other technique is figures that are used to create a deeper design or to deduce the situation. It works well in diverting the current situation at hand by providing relief to the listeners. Figures should be chosen and used depending on the occasion, place, purpose and the manner to be represented. Figures help in creating suspense to the listeners by masking the real design of the writing until later. Therefore, the critics who think that sublime is an art one is born with are incorrect. Though Longinus explains that it is not easy he clarifies that it is possible for a writer to attain sublime in rhetoric theory through learning, practicing and experience. Work cited Benson, Hugh H. Socratic Wisdom: The Model of Knowledge in Plato’s Early Dialogues. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 2000. Print

Gearing relates to the levels of funding provided Essays

Gearing relates to the levels of funding provided Essays Gearing relates to the levels of funding provided Essay Gearing relates to the levels of funding provided Essay Introduction Ross’ statement is true in certain instances. This essay will sketch the scenarios where Ross’ statement is true and besides the cases where it is inaccurate. This will include a consideration of five issues which need to be taken into history when an investor is doing an investing determination and the concern place from a pitching position. These are the current geartrain place, the type of debt that is being taken on by the company in the inquiry, the ground or intent of the debt, the company’s affordability and any particular commissariats sought by loaners. Before this analysis is undertaken, a definition of Gearing is provided along with two pitching ratios used to measure the purchase of a concern. : What is Gearing? Gearing relates to the degrees of support provided by stockholders and loan creditors ( McLaney, 2006 ) . It is a comparing of stockholders financess or equity on the one manus and borrowed financess on the other. Gearing is the grade of a company’s purchase and in general footings, the higher the purchase, the riskier the company, from the position of investors. The debt-to-equity ( one pitching ratio ) is expressed as: Borrowings ( long and short term ) divided by entire equity ( portions plus militias ) High geartrain makes a concern more susceptible to inauspicious effects of a downswing in the economic concern rhythm as the company will be expected to refund its debt, irrespective of whether the concern is making good or otherwise. These debts must be satisfied before stockholders can deduce benefit from their investing. Another geartrain ratio, Times Interest covered, establishes how many times involvement charged on loans could be repaid from the company’s net income, before involvements and revenue enhancements are deducted. This is expressed as net income before involvement and revenue enhancement divided by involvement charges. It is efficaciously mensurating the business’ ability to run into its involvement payments as they fall due from its net incomes. Ross’ statement is true in certain cases but non all. The undermentioned considerations need to be taken into history when an investor is finding whether increased geartrain should give rise to optimism or be a cause of pessimism in relation to portion monetary values: Current geartrain place Type of debt being taken on Purpose of the debt Affordability Particular commissariats Current Gearing Position A scenario, in which a company has no debt, efficaciously means zero geartrain. In state of affairss where the debt-to-equity ratio is zero or small, the concern might be neglecting to work growing chances. In these instances, it makes sense for the company to increase its degree of borrowing for the intent of puting into the concern with a position of doing net income. Increased net incomes should accordingly, consequence in increased portion monetary value, which the concern could plow back into undertakings for yet more growing or pay as increased dividend. Therefore, if the concern is increasing pitching for this intent, i.e. to work growing chances, so Ross’ statement rings true. Growth chances could run from new merchandise development, new market development or variegation. Timess involvement covered will besides increase seting the concern in a healthier place to refund its involvement charges. On the other manus, if geartrain is excessively high ( i.e. debt-to-equity ratio ) , so this means the company has a considerable sum of debt. This stifles growing, as any net incomes will hold to let for high involvement refund. Furthermore, possible investors will be wary of puting in a company with high purchase, hence, restricting chances for growing. In the unwanted event that a extremely leveraged company becomes insolvent, ordinary stockholders risk having nil as they are bottom of the precedence order for distribution of company assets. In a scenario such as this, even though direction may be unfeignedly signalling their optimism, the fact remains that the concern has become riskier. This will impact portion monetary value but non as Ross suggests. It is more likely that the portion monetary value will diminish, as the debt-to-equity ratio additions and the times involvement covered falls. The inquiry of what is acceptable pitching depends on the industry norm for several companies in concurrence with a twelvemonth on twelvemonth comparing of single company consequences. Type of Debt There are by and large two ways by which a company may borrow money, viz. : Fixed income securities – these are purchased by investors ( the populace ) and by and large have longer adulthood day of the months and are for larger sums of money than bank loans. Examples include bonds Loans – offered by private establishments like Bankss, refund periods could change from a few yearss to a figure of old ages If the company was taking on long-run fixed income securities with comparatively low involvement rates, the company would hold sufficient clip to work the chances presented by this investing resource and turn the concern thereby increasing profitableness and portion monetary value. If the company was borrowing big short-run loans ( current liabilities ) , this could set force per unit area on the company to do its refunds when they fall due, and will necessitate to be done out of net incomes thereby adversely impacting portion monetary value. An interesting point to observe is that the benefit of the loan may non hold been realised by the clip refund falls due. Whether it is of all time realised is another affair! Therefore, even though the managers’ determination to increase geartrain may signal their optimism, it does non needfully take to increased portion monetary value. Investors need to find whether the repayment period and involvement charged on the loan is suited for the intent the loan is being taken out for in the first topographic point. For illustration, a company borrowing to finance a undertaking that completes in 5 old ages, with the benefits to be realised in 2 old ages later but taking a loan out for refund within 2 old ages does non demo sound direction determination devising. Investors may remain off and cautious bing 1s may sell up thereby driving portion monetary value downwards. Purpose of Debt If the intent of the debt is to re-invest resources into the concern to work growing chances, this decidedly indicates that the company’s direction are confident of increasing their profitableness. As aforesaid, this optimism should take to increased portion monetary value, provided geartrain is increased to an acceptable degree and investor assurance – both bing and possible – is enhanced. However, if the debt is to refinance old debt which the company in inquiry is fighting to honor, so Ross’ statement is wholly false. Management at this phase is non occupied with turning the concern but bracing it. Investors will maneuver good clear of companies in this quandary and bing investors will be forcing difficult to sell their portions, before the business’ place and chances worsens even farther. As debt-to-equity ratio additions in this instance, the company is preoccupied with cut downing Timess involvement covered. It is likely that a company in this place is doing losingss and is seting in topographic point remedial steps that should hopefully forestall insolvency. The company that invariably refinances its debt may be making so as their disbursals are systematically transcending grosss, which is a bend off for investors. It could be argued in this instance that the direction is signalling optimism from a bad place. However, this will non take to increased portion monetary value. Affordability This is particularly of import if undertakings fail. Borrowing to finance undertakings could bespeak direction optimism. However, if the undertaking proves unsuccessful, this could adversely impact the company’s returns and accordingly portion monetary value. Therefore, the company’s hard currency flow needs to uncover that it could absorb such losingss if they occurred, for Ross’s statement to hold a opportunity of keeping true. Particular Commissariats If particular commissariats exist, that may set the concern in a hazardous place by taking on the debt, so investors may non be confident about the company’s chances and finally portion monetary value, despite the fact that direction are focused on utilizing these borrowed financess to turn the concern. An illustration of a particular proviso is Bankss necessitating that a stipulated degree of capital is set aside. Another illustration is a bank bespeaking that minimal fiscal ratios are maintain, e.g. current ratio of 1.5:1. A status of the loan could be that if the current ratio falls below this degree, an immediate demand for refund is made by the loaning bank. This could do a negative splash among stockholders ensuing in a possible bead in portion monetary value. Decision Gearing provides an apprehension of the purchase of a concern – i.e. the ratio of loans taken out to the sum of equity provided by investors. The higher the geartrain, the riskier the concern in general footings. Ross’ statement is true in instances where the company has little or no purchase and direction are borrowing to work growing chances ; the type of debt being taken on is commensurate for the intent for which it was taken ; the intent of the debt is to finance growing chances alternatively of bracing a unstable fiscal place ; the company could absorb losingss related to the undertaking for which financess where borrowed ; and companies are non under menace of particular commissariats should these non be met. Otherwise, Ross’ statement is inaccurate. Mentions AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Publications Arnold, G 2002, Corporate Financial Management’ , Pitman Brealey, R 2006, Corporate Finance’ , McGraw-Hill McLaney, E 2006, Business Finance, Theory and Practice’ , 7Thursdayedition, Pearson Education Limited Mullins, 2005, Management and Organisational Behaviour’ , 7th Edition, Pitman Organisations and Individuals’ , 2005, Institute of Financial Services Pugh A ; Hickson, 1996, Writers on Organisations’ , 5Thursdayedition, Penguin Watson, D A ; Head A 2001, Corporate Finance’ , Pitman Internet Beginnings www.bized.ac.uk www.bp.com www.investopedia.com

2 Synthesis paragraphs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

2 Synthesis paragraphs - Essay Example p). The author suggests that, â€Å"Physician assisted suicide disproportionately affects the poor and people living with disabilities (Acton, n. p).† This implies that the assisted suicide affects the poor and people living with disabilities who cannot afford other health care services. The medical institutions are profit-driven in which doctors try to minimize costs by reducing care. The physicians fear that the medical expenses incurred by the vulnerable groups will surpass their medical coverage limitations, leading to losses at the hospitals. The notion of undermining the disabled has been thwarted by the state governments with legislations aimed at empowering them to enjoy services like others. For instance, Oregon has a comprehensive medical plan that supports assisted suicide patients by allowing them to obtain lethal drugs (Acton, n. p). The author suggests that, â€Å"the six month rule that only patients with less than six months to live can qualify for assisted suicide (Acton, n. p).† However, the mentally ill are given the lethal drugs due to faulty prognosis conducted by the physicians. This arises if the doctors feel that someone is mentally ill and having the lethal drug would be the only amicable choice for them. The other protection of the vulnerable patients is the six-month rule in which the sick with a minimum of six months to live can qualify for the assisted suicide (Acton, n. p). In another article, George Dvorsky contends that it should be someone’s rights to request for assisted suicide. The author contends that, â€Å"As it stands, physician-assisted suicide is illegal in most jurisdictions (Dvorsky, n. p).† The notion is that people should be ready to observe laws that support assisted suicide, especially in the era of technological adoption. Life support systems are gaining recognition in hospitals and this shall